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The Hausa Kingdoms were a group of city-states in northern Nigeria, such as Kano, Katsina, and Zaria. They flourished from the 11th to 19th centuries through trade, crafts, and Islam. They were known for textiles, leather, and agriculture.
The kingdoms often fought each other and were later conquered by the Sokoto Caliphate in the early 19th century. British colonial rule then absorbed the region. Hausa culture remains a major force in West Africa.