Italian Colonization of the Horn of Africa

Italy colonized Eritrea in the late 19th century and invaded Ethiopia in 1895, but was defeated at Adwa in 1896. Italy later conquered Ethiopia in 1936 and held it until 1941. It also controlled Italian Somaliland.

Italian rule was brutal and racist. After World War II, Italy lost its colonies. Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia followed different paths.