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The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba state in southwestern Nigeria that flourished from the 14th to 19th centuries. It was known for its cavalry, centralized government, and trade in slaves, cloth, and food. Its capital, Old Oyo, was a major city.
Oyo declined due to civil wars, Fulani pressure, and the rise of Ibadan. It collapsed in the early 19th century. Its culture influenced Yoruba identity and diaspora.