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The Sarmatians were nomadic Iranian-speaking peoples who replaced the Scythians on the western steppe. They were skilled cavalry, and some groups included women warriors, possibly linked to later Amazon legends. They traded and fought with Rome and Greek colonies.
Rome used Sarmatian cavalry as auxiliaries, while others migrated into Europe. By the 4th century CE, they were absorbed or displaced by Huns and Goths. Their legacy survived in cavalry tactics and folklore.