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Greece won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 after a long war. It became a kingdom under a Bavarian prince and later a Danish dynasty. It expanded by acquiring Crete, Thessaly, and other lands.
Greece fought in the Balkan Wars and World War I. It suffered a devastating defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919 to 1922. The monarchy was abolished and restored several times before ending in 1974.