The Kingdom of France (Valois & Bourbon)

The French Revolution & Napoleonic France

The Kingdom of Great Britain & the British Empire

The Kingdom of Spain

The Portuguese Empire

The Dutch Republic / Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Kingdom of Belgium

The Italian City-States (Renaissance)

The Unification of Italy (Risorgimento)

The Habsburg Monarchy / Austrian Empire

Austria-Hungary

The Kingdom of Prussia

The German Empire

The Tsardom & Empire of Russia

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth & its Partitions

The Ottoman Balkans

The Principality of Serbia

The Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Greece